沉积物中磷的存在形态及其生物可利用性研究

Study of chemical forms of phosphorus and their bioavailability in the sediments

用MgCl2,NaOH和HCl对大亚湾的大鹏澳、南海的珠江口、厦门湾的胡里山沉积物进行了逐级提取和总磷分析,并以这3种沉积物为惟一磷源培养小球藻和球等鞭金藻,估算了藻类对沉积物中磷的可利用量.结果表明,3种沉积物总磷含量分别为449 3,650 1和643 9mg/kg;MgCl2和NaOH提取的生物可利用的非磷灰石无机磷分别为168 8,146 6和118 1mg/kg.非磷灰石无机磷占总磷的18 3%～32 6%.3种提取剂对3种沉积物提取的磷是HCl提取相最大,NaOH提取相次之,MgCl2提取相最小.小球藻和球等鞭金藻在3种沉积物中的最大相对生长率为4 3%～26 9%,两种藻在3种沉积物中的生长与非磷灰石无机磷和藻类可利用的颗粒磷量相对应.颗粒磷占非磷灰石无机磷的42 4%～78 2%,占沉积物中总无机磷的21 1%～27 1%,占总磷的11 8%～20 3%.

Chemical forms of phosphorus in the sediments at the Daya Bay, the Zhujiang River Estuary , and the Xiamen Bay were measured with extraction solutions of MgCl_2, NaOH, and HCl. Their availabilities to Chlorella sp. and Isochrysis galbana were estimated by using sediments as the sole source of P in the bioassays. The results show that the contents of total phosphorus (TP) in these sediments are 449.3, 650.1 and 643.9 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of non-apatite inorganic P (NAIP) extracted with MgCl_2 and NaOH in three sediments are 168.8, 146.6 and 118.1 mg/kg, respectively, and account for 18.3%～32.6% of TP. The phosphorus extracted with HCl solution is greater than that extracted with NaOH solution, whereas the lowest extracted P is MgCl_2-extractable P. The greatest relative growth rates of Chlorella sp. and Isochrysis galbana cultured with sediments are in the range of 4.3%～26.9%. The increasing biomasses of these algae are corresponding to NAIP and AAPP (the estimated algal-available particulate P). AAPP accounts for 42.4%～78.2% of NAIP, 21.1%～27.1% of total inorganic P, and 11.8%～20.3% of TP, respectively.