试论普洱茶市场的历史变迁与发展前景

On the Historical Changes and the Prospects of Pu'er Tea Mark

本文作者通过运用历史文献、调查文献 ,对历史上中国云南名茶“普洱茶”的栽培、采摘、制作与贸易情况进行了考证与论述 ,认为普洱茶始栽于蜀汉 ,交易兴于唐 ,宋元需求扩大 ,明时闻名遐迩 ,清前期达到鼎盛时代 ,清末逐渐衰落 ,抗战时又一度兴盛 ,2 0世纪 50年代以后则呈总体衰退状态。进入 2 0世纪 80年代以后 ,地方政府适应了经济发展的趋势 ,通过文化宣传、科学管理、传统优势品种开发等途径 ,使普洱茶市场日益呈现出复兴的趋势。作者还在实地调查的基础上 ,提出了保留传统的优质高贵品种 ,适应不同层次的饮茶者需求 。

This article discusses the planting, plucking, making and trading of Pu'er tea by using historical documents and data of investigation. With its cultivation being started in Shu Han dynasty and its transaction in Tang dynasty, Pu'er tea was needed largely in Song and Yuan dynasties, and well known far and near in Ming dynasty.In early Qing dynasty, its cultivation and transaction came to a period of great prosperity, then declined gradually. In 1980s, the local government revived Pu'er tea market by conducting cultural publicity, scientific management and exploiting traditional high quality tea to suit the economic development situation. Some ideas of promoting a variety of Pu'er tea market by conducting some fieldwork are put forward.