论中国古代法律生活中的“情理场”——从《名公书判清明集》出发

On the Emotional and Moral Field in Ancient China’s Legal Life

本文从分析《名公书判清明集》 (简称《清明集》)中的几个典型书判出发 ,论述了《清明集》中体现出来的情理观念 ,总结出一幅宋代民事司法秩序的图景 :那是一个情理的空间 ,一个介乎于圣贤操守和腐败司法之间的解决纠纷的空间。在这一空间中 ,人人 (以法官为主体 ,也包括当事人 )依照情理的原则行事 ,维持了宋代稳定的社会秩序。接着结合中国古代司法中体现的核心特点 ,探讨了情理发生发展的原因 ,并归纳提炼出一个“情理场”的概念。最后 ,对“情理场”的三大定律进行阐析。笔者认为基于社会根源和人性根源的“情理场”是宋代以及整个中国古代司法的总体精神和深层法文化特质 ,从“同情地理解”之角度对中国传统法律文化有了一个全面的认识。

The author summarizes a view of the civil judicial order of the Song Dynasty from several typical court verdicts in “The collection of virtuous and brightness verdicts by famous judges of ancient China”, analyzing the sense of emotion and morality in this book. There was a space of emotion and morality, which lied between the sage virtue and the corrupt administration of justice, In this space, everybody(relies mainly on judges besides parties) lived according to the principle of emotion and morality, which had kept the steady civil order of the Song Dynasty. Then the author probes the reason for the development of emotion and morality and sums up the concept of “the emotional and moral field”, combining the key characteristics of the ancient administration of justice. Finally, the author analyzes three major rules in “the emotional and moral field”.” The emotional and moral field”, which based on the human nature and the foundation of the society is the profound cultural characteristic and the overall spirit of the administration of justice in the Song Dynasty and even in the whole ancient China so that there is a thorough understanding about China’s traditional legal culture from the angle of “the understanding with sympathy”.