代性及其限度:民国文官考试制度平议

The modernity and its limitation:A commentary on the examination system of civil servants in Republican China

民国文官考试制度是一个传统与现代的混合体。其现代性主要体现为法制化程度的提高 ,平等性和开放性的增强 ,考试权的独立和考试内容的现代化。但是对经义考试的保留 ,对传统科举制考试程序的模仿 ,考试与任用的脱节 ,党治和军治色彩的存在 ,个人因素的干扰 ,派系势力的抗拒等 ,又使民国文官考试制度的现代性受到极大限制 ,难以发挥其应有的功效。

The examination system of civil servants in Republican China was a hybrid of tradition and modernity.Its modernity mainly lies in its institutionalization,equality,openness,as well as the independence of examination authority,and the modernization of examination content.The system,however,was greatly restricted by various factors,such as preservation of the traditional examination on classical canons,imitation of the procedures of the traditional examination,disconnection of examination and appointment,influence of the party-rule and the military rule,interference of personal and factional factors.