司马迁与古代史研究

Si Maqian and Study of Ancient History

司马迁撰写古代史时采取了三种做法 :一是在撰写古代史时注意把“略渐”与详写变化统一起来 ;二是“略古”的目的是删繁就简 ,突出“详变” ,以历史变化观来揭示社会运动中富有规律性的内容 ;三是把古代史研究的重点放到春秋、战国时期。司马迁提出“发愤说”与身受李陵之祸相关 ,这一价值评判体系虽然涉及到历史与现实两个方面 ,但关注的重点却是现实。在叙述古代史的过程中 ,司马迁关心的重点有两个 :一是以帝王为中心改朝换代的情况 ;

When writing the ancient history, Si Maqian adopted three ways: a. the unification of “being brief” and being detailed; b. to “omit the ancient” to delete the complex and to be simple and to stress the “detailed change” so as to expose the regulated content in social movement with historical changing viewpoints; c. the key point of ancient history study is the period of Spring and Autumn and Warring States. Si Maqian's “doctrine of being deligent” was related to the disaster of Li Lin, this evaluation system is related to history and reality but the key concerned are the reality. In narration of ancient history, the two key points Si Maqian concerned is the change of the dynasties centered on the emperors, and the rise and development of academic ideologies before Qin Dynasty.