油罐区泄漏及火灾危险危害评价

Assessing leakage and fire hazards in oil tank farm

对某大型油罐区进行泄漏及火灾的危险危害评价。采用毒性物质泄漏扩散模型模拟油罐的泄漏事故 ,得出了泄漏介质在罐区附近的等质量浓度分布曲线 ;采用池火火焰与辐射强度模型 ,计算油罐、输油管道、汽车装油栈台等发生池火灾时的热辐射强度 ,并结合不同辐射强度值对人和设备的影响程度 。

This paper aims to illustrate the effective methods of quantitative evaluation of the leakage and fire hazards in an oil tank farm, in hoping to produce better effective quantitative evaluations where atmospheric diffusion model and pool-fire model are used. As a matter of fact, crude oil and refined (or product) oil are plenty in the oil tank farms. At any unexpected accidents, it is likely to cause disastrous damage once the leakage took place in a large scale. Seeing the severe nature of the hazards, the state law in China mandates safety evaluations of the oil tank farms. In the process of safety evaluation, all kinds of likely hazards in the oil tank farm district should be identified and analyzed. Most accidents arising in the district of oil tank farm are relevant with leakage or fire hazards, which may bring about serious threatening risks to the operating personnel and equipment. It is generally agreed that various weather factors account for the atmospheric diffusion model, resulting in the basic leakage situations of the oil tank. Besides, the pool fire model can quantitatively solve a set of governing equations of the pool fire due to the oil delivery pipe or the loading-platform in the farm. Since the calculative processes are somewhat complex, many factors in the two models account for the likely risks deduced by same parameters, such as diffusion coefficients of three directions in the model of atmospheric diffusion. Then, the evaluation may help to forecast the poison substance concentration under the condition of basic leakage situation and the thermal radiation flux of pool fire in the different districts of the oil tank farm. Referring to the relative safety standards, safety regions and danger regions can be marked out. The above data can be used to report the safety evaluation and give useful instructions to minimize the accident probability and reduce the loss and damage caused by the accidents.