有机过氧化物生产火灾爆炸危险性分析

Hazard analysis of fire and explosion in manufacturing organic peroxides

针对有机过氧化物自分解温度较低、反应过程易引发火灾爆炸等危险特性 ,采用危险与可操作分析 ( HAZOP)方法和事故树( FTA)分析对过氧化物生产过程中存在的火灾爆炸危险性进行分析。结果表明 ,有机过氧化物生产过程中低温的保证是关键 ,应对制冷系统进行故障类型及影响分析 ( FMEA) 。

The present paper presents the author's research findings in analyzing fire and explosion hazards in organic peroxide production by using Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). As is known, organic peroxides is a kind of very hazardous substance because they are highly flammable, extremely reactive and toxic. In production practice, the companies engaged in producing, handling and storing organic peroxides are likely to suffer fire and explosion accidents. As a long-time research result, the authors of this paper concluded that main hazardous factors leading to such fires and explosions are addition of components in wrong proportion, too much raw or too fast material feeding, components adding or mixing in wrong order, too much impurity of raw materials, equipment cooling failure and insufficient cooling in processing organic peroxides, etc. All the above improper operations may lead to self-accelerated decomposition of organic peroxides. It is likely to induce fire and explosion hazards in case of overheating accumulated in the peroxide reactor. Thus, as a result of HAZOP analysis, it can be concluded that the principal risk of organic peroxide lies in wrong operation, failure of the processing equipment and/or accessories, reliability of the cooling system, faults of automatic-controlling instruments, fire protection and alarming device, and so on. FTA shows that the basic event of the cooling system occurs more frequently in the Tree, which means that it is of primary importance to keep the cooling system in normal order to ensure the safety of organic peroxide production. Comparatively low temperature is the key to the organic peroxide production. Thus, the results of FEMA show that three necessary conditions are needed to keep the cooling system running safely.