生物净化挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的研究进展

Study on biological treatment technology of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and its advance

有机废气中大多含有低浓度的苯、甲苯、苯乙烯、多环芳烃等挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)。这类挥发性有机化合物会对人体健康和生态环境造成危害。治理VOCs污染是大气污染治理的重要部分。生物法处理有机废气具有运行费用低、没有二次污染等优点。常用的生物处理技术主要有生物过滤池、生物滴滤池和生物洗涤塔。20世纪80年代生物法在欧洲得到快速发展,我国于90年代以后也开始了生物处理VOCs废气的研究,并取得了一定的成就。

There are a lot of organic waste-gases such as benzene, toluene, styree and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons belonging to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). They are dangerous to human being's health and ecological environment. It is essential to treat with VOCs of air pollutants. They mainly come from the process of the day life and industries. There are a lot of methods to control the pollution of VOCs. The common treatment technologies are adsorption, absorption, incineration, condensation,biological method, film separation and so on. Among the methods, the biological technology will be a potential cleaning method and developd quickly. The merits of organic waste-gases treatment using biological method are low cost,low energy, efficient and without second contamination.There are mainly three kinds of biological technologies. They are biofilter, biotrickling filter and bioscrubber,respectively. In the 1960's, people initially treated with air pollutants through the biological filter. Germany and the United States started to research the method profoundly since then. In the 1980's, biological treatment method has been developed quickly in Europe, especially in Germany,Netherlands. There were about 500 biofilters applied in Europe and the removal efficiency of waste-gases was over 90%. From the 1990's, many research organizations and universities of China have started to study the biological treatment method of VOCs and acquired many achievements.Scientists and engineers from native and foreign countries have also begun to study the biological degradable theory of VOCs pollutants by microorganisms on the base of previous achievements. They put forward the double film-biofilm theory. And they thought the purification efficiency of VOCs dominated by mass transport resistance in liquid film and biofilm. However, the biodegrading mechanism of VOCs pollutants need to go deep into investigation.