航空公司与旅行社的协作机制研究

Research on the Collaboration Mechanism between Airline and Travel Agency

旅行社是航空公司机票销售网络中非常重要的一环。作为一种特殊的机票代理,为了应对旅游旺季的旅客需求,旅行社往往会提前较长时间从航空公司预订机票。对于航空公司来说,提前预订机票给旅行社是降低销售风险的一个重要途径。在进行机票预订交易时,双方都必须进行慎重的决策;旅行社决策最优的预订数量;航空公司决策最优的供给量。本文正是在对双方各自最优决策探讨的基础上,对双方的协作机制进行了研究。在模型中,我们考虑了双方的缺票损失、航空公司的超额预订等因素。双方协作的目标是在实现整体收益最大化的基础上,同时实现航空公司和旅行社各自的收益更大化。本文提出了一种中间价格调整的协作机制,并说明了这种机制的可行性和收敛性。

Travel agency is an important element in the airline's ticket supply network.As a special ticket agent,the travel agency usually books tickets in advance from the airline in order to satisfy the passenger demand in the midseason.Preselling to the travel agency is an important way of reducing risk for the airline.Both parties have to make careful decisions when they transact with each other:the travel agency decides on how many to order;and the airline decides on how many to supply.This paper examines their optimal decisions respectively,and researches on the collaboration mechanism between them.We consider the shortage cost,overbooking and other factors in the model.The objective of collaboration is to achieve the maximal collective revenue and bring more benefit to both parties.We bring forward a price-adjustment collaboration mechanism and illustrate the feasibility and astringency of the mechanism.