我国城市给水氯化消毒的现状及存在问题

PRESENT STATES AND PROBLEMS OF DRINKING WATER CHLOR-DESINFECTION

目前,我国绝大部分水厂均采用氯消毒。据全国390个水司的管网水水质资料统计,综合合格率、细菌总数合格率、大肠杆菌合格率、余氯合格率和浊度合格率分别平均为96.9%、97.9%、78.0%、93.4%和97.5%,其中最高达100%,最低仅8.4～9.0%,相差十分悬殊。而其中12个大城市水司的管网水质合格率较高,均达到了国标和世界卫生组织规定的水质标准。产生这些现象的因素虽较复杂,但作者认为主要是各水司生产管理水平不一,特别是某些中、小水司目前管理水平较差所至。今后应看重于生产管理水平的提高,并加强水源保护、改进净水工艺及更换消毒药剂等来加以解决。

Recently chlorination is applied in our most waterworks for drinking water desinfection.The percentages of water quality to meet the requirements of national drinking water standard range widely from maximum 100% to minimum 8.4% to 9.0%,and the average percentages of general indexes,total number of bacteria,number of coliform,turbidity and chlorine residue are 96.9%,97.9%,78.0%,93.4% and 97.5% respectively bassing on the water quality data ofdistribution networks taken from 390 urban water companies.Water quality of 12 water companies of big cities is better and meets the requirements of national and WHO standards.Most problems were caused by inadequate oPeration and management of waterworks especially the poor management in medium and small water companies.The author thinks that to enhance the management and operation of water companies,strengthen the water sources protection,improve the water treatment technology and application of new desinfection agents would be useful for further development.