成人呼吸健康与空气颗粒物中元素浓度的关系

Association Between Adult's Respiratory Health and Elements Concentrations in Particulate Matters

目的研究成人呼吸健康与空气颗粒物中元素浓度的关系探讨空气污染源对成人呼吸健康的影响。方法通过流行病学问卷调查了中国4城市7661名男性和7673名女性的健康情况,并用X-射线荧光光谱法检测了城区和郊区的空气颗粒物中42种元素浓度。统计方法采用两步回归法,第1步用Logistic回归控制混杂因子,并得到4个城市8个调查点的成人呼吸健康参数;第2步采用加权线性回归将呼吸健康参数和空气颗粒物中元素浓度建立联系,并计算比值比。结果成人呼吸健康与粗、细颗粒物中土壤元素Al、Ca、Fe、Si、Ti以及某些污染元素As、Cd、Ni、Pb等都有显著的正关联性(OR=1.00～1.12)。当换算至颗粒物中土壤元素浓度相等时,细颗粒物中土壤元素与成人呼吸健康的正向关联性(OR=1.03～1.61)比粗颗粒物中土壤元素与呼吸健康的正向关联性(OR=1.03～1.12)更强。结论提出了“土壤粒子团”假设对呼吸健康与土壤元素的关联作出了解释,“土壤粒子团”成为病毒、细菌和挥发性有机物等有害物质的载体使得土壤元素与呼吸健康之间产生间接的关联。控制来源于土壤的颗粒物和控制工业污染源都具有重要意义。

Objective To study the association between adults'respiratory health and elements concentrations in aerometric particulate matters and provide information about the effect of air pollution sources on human health. Methods Health question nairs were administered to 7 661 male and 7 673 female adults in 4 Chinese cities. 42 elements in particulate matters of both urban and rural areas were analyzed by XRF. The data were analyzed by using two-stage regression, the Logistic regression for the first stage and weighted linear regression for the other. Adult's respiratory health parameters were obtained by 1st stage analysis. The association of the elements in PM and adults'respiratory health parameters of 8 sites in the 4 cities was established. Odds ratios were given using the weighted linear regression model. Results Positive associations between adults'respiratory health and crust elements (Al, Ca, Fe, Si, Ti) and pollution elements (As, Ni, Cd, Pb) in PM2.5-10 or PM2.5 were found (OR=1.00-1.12). Associations of respiratory health parameters with elements in fine particle (OR=1.03-1.61) were stronger than those with elements in coarse particle (OR=1.03-1.12) in the case of the equal element concentrations. Conclusion An assumption of 'crust particle groups' was brought forward to give an explanation to the relation between crust elements and respiratory health. It assumed that the relation is an indirect one, since 'crust particle groups' in PM act as carrier of toxic matters and/or bacteria. The result points out that it should pay much attention to controlling of PM from soil as well as controlling of industrial pollution.