地下水对工程和环境的作用

THE ACTION OF GROUNDWATER ON THE ENGINEERING PROJECTS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS

地下水对上程建设和地质环境的作用与影响日趋显著,人们认识日益深化。实践表明,这类问题不完伞是纯水文地质问题。实质上,它是介乎于水文地质与工程地质之间,暂定名为“工程水文地质学”。专门进行在工程建设和环境地质中由于地下水作用而产生的各类工程地质问题或水文地质问题。为充分阐明问题,本文从水与岩土相互作用、基坑排水与潜蚀流沙、地基沉降与黄土湿陷、道路冻害与隧道涌水、矿抗突水与竖井破坏、坝基渗漏与稳定、坝基抗滑稳定以及与地下水有关的地质灾害问题等方面,进行了举例阐述,初步论证了重要性、问题和某些实质。目的在于,向人们揭示一个值得研究的方向,并给予充分的重视。

The action and effect of groundwater on engineering projects and their environments are increasingly apparent and more deeply known in the practice.The problem is not a pure hydrogeological subject. It is essentially a problem concerning with hydrogeology and engineering geology and is called temporally engineering—hydrogeolgical problem, which is found in the process of engineering construction and in study of environmental geology and expresses various engineering geological and hydrogeological problems due to the action of groundwater. In order to complete deciphering the problem, it is illustrated by the examples of interactions between water and rock, bedrock pit discharge and sand flow by crypto-erosion, foundation subsidence and loess subsidence, frozen damage of road surface and tunnel water burst, mining pitout burst and shaft failure, dam basement leakage and stability, slide-stable dam basement, and geological hazards due to groundwater. The purpose of the paper is to indicate a direction which is worthy to be studied and must be highly emphasized.