脉管制冷法的重要改进——双向进气可逆脉管的理论分析与实验验证

AN IMPORTANT IMPROVEMENT OF PULSE TUBE REFRIGERATION——THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF DOUBLE-INLET REVERSIBLE PULSE TUBE

一、前言 脉管制冷机具有结构简单、可靠性高等优点,作为高技术领域中光电传感器的冷源特别有吸引力。美国Gifford教授最早提出的基本型脉管制冷法,其单级制冷温度只达到124K。1983年,苏联Mikulin教授提出了小孔型脉管制冷法(参见图1实线部分),大大提高了制冷机的制冷能力。遗憾的是,小孔脉管制冷机中由于小孔和气库的加入,增加了一个不可逆损失源。文献[3]指出:对于一个效率为75％的压缩机来说,小孔脉管制冷机的比功率在80K时,约为100W/W,远大于同样情况下的斯特林制冷机,其比功率约为40W/W。所以提高脉管制冷机的效率是一个急待解决的问题。

By analyzing the shortcomings of an orifice pulse tube refrigerator (OPTR), a modified refrigerator termed a double-inlet reversible pulse tube refrigerator (DRPTR) is suggested in this paper. Numerical predictions show that the refrigeration power of the DRPTR is about three times as great as that of the orifice version and the efficiency is doubled. Experiments comparing the DRPTR and the OPTR have verified that the former arrangement greatly improves the performance of refrigeration.