中国城市土壤重金属污染研究现状及对策

Heavy metal contamination of urban soils in China:status and countermeasures

中国城市土壤重金属污染的主要来源是工业“三废”排放,金属采矿和冶炼,家庭燃煤,生活垃圾,汽车尾气排放。重金属在城市土壤中的分布规律表现为城市土壤重金属含量高于郊区,人类活动密集区和交通拥挤区重金属含量较高;人类活动的干扰导致土壤剖面重金属污染特征不明显。应采取预防与治理相结合的措施综合控制土壤重金属污染,并加紧制定我国的城市土壤健康评价标准。

The heavy metal contamination of urban soil in China is caused by industrial pollutant discharge, metal mining and smelting, family coal combustion, rubbish exudation and vehicle emission. Contents of heavy metals in urban area is higher than that of countryside. In urban area, many human activities and heavy urban traffic make heavy metal contents high. Heavy metal availability in urban soils is higher than that of agricultural soils, and the section character is not distinct owning to human disturbance. Contaminated soils do harm to human health by contact direct and indirect. Urban residents contact soils frequently, so the pollution of heavy metal in urban soils should be granted more concern than agricultural soils. The comprehensive measures should be taken to control heavy metal contamination of urban soils. It is urgent to establish criteria for the evaluation of urban soils in China.