飞船推进剂四氧化二氮中毒损伤的研究

Characteristics of Acute and Chronic Intoxication Induced by Rocket Propellant Nitrogen Tetroxide

目的探讨飞船推进剂四氧化二氮 (N2 O4)中毒损伤的特点及远期效应。方法雄性Wistar大鼠 1 2 8只 ,随机分为 4组 :1 )空白对照组 ( 5 6只 ) ;2 )急性染毒组 ( 5 6只 ) ;3)远期效应对照组 ( 8只 ) ;4)染毒远期效应组 ( 8只 )。急性染毒组又分为染毒前、染毒后 3、6、1 2、2 4、48、72h等 7个时相 ,每小组 8只 ,以伤前正常值作为基础值 ,进行前后对照比较和同时相组别比较 ,以观察N2 O4染毒的急性效应 ;远期效应对照组及染毒远期效应组喂养 1a后取主要器官病理形态学检查 (大体、光镜、电镜 ) ,以观察远期效应。以 81mg/m3浓度的N2 O4单次染毒 1 5min。同时观察N2 O4染毒对大鼠的远期效应。结果急性N2 O4染毒以肺水肿为主要病理表现 :染毒后 3h动脉氧分压 (PaO2 )下降到最低 ( 4 .5 8± 0 .41 )kPa。远期效应组75 %的大鼠有肺纤维化 ,个别大鼠出现肺腺癌。结论本研究确认N2 O4急性染毒后 2 6h是伤情最严重的时期 ,远期效应明显 ,出现肺纤维化。提示救治此类伤员时必须迅速、及时 ,早期治疗的同时就应考虑对可能发生的远期效应进行兼顾和并治 ,在可能的条件下进行预防。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of acute and chronic injuries of the nitrogen tetroxide, a kind of propellant of rocket. Method 128 male rats were divided randomly into 4 groups:actute control group(56) acute nitrogen tetroxide intoxication group(56),long-term response group(8).The animals were killed sequentially at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Nitrogen tetroxide was administrated through inhalation at the concentration of 81 mg/m 3 for 15 min. Chronic injuries and pathologic changes were also observed one year after the intoxication. Result Pulmonary edema was the main pathological changes after intoxication, complicated with partial haemorrhage. Data acquired from long-term observations showed 75% pulmonary fibrosis and one case of adenocarcinoma of lung. Conclusion The first 2 to 6 h after intoxication is the most severe stage of the injury. During the long-term observation, we find that intoxication with nitrogen tetroxide can induce pulmonary fibrosis and adenocarcinoma.