水中嗜肺军团菌分布规律研究

Study on the distributive regulation of legionella pneumophila in different water

目的 探讨水环境中嗜肺军团菌分布规律及分型特征。方法 采集自然环境及生活环境中各主要水体样品 ,浓缩后经常规细菌培养后的疑似菌株 ,用血清学鉴定与 1 6SrRNA半套式PCR技术双重鉴定进行军团菌和嗜肺军团菌的分型。结果 全部 1 2 6个监测点水样有 2 8个出现军团菌阳性 (其中嗜肺军团菌 2 1个 ) ;自然环境及生活环境监测点军团菌阳性率分别为 32 1 %、2 2 2 % (其中嗜肺军团菌阳性率分别为2 1 4 %、1 6 7% ) ;全年 4 30份水样有 36份军团菌阳性 (其中 2 3份为嗜肺军团菌 ) ,夏、秋季检出率较高 ,春、冬季也有检出 ;空调冷却塔水、淋浴喷头水、公园湖水检出率较高。结论 嗜肺军团菌在自然环境及生活环境各水体中分布广泛。环境温度是军团菌污染的重要因素 ,夏、秋季是军团菌污染和军团病传播的高发季节 ,春、冬季也可发生。公园娱乐水体、空调冷却水、淋浴喷头水等与人群密切接触水体是军团菌污染和军团病传播的高危水体。

Objective\ To grasp the distributive regulation and typing characters of Legionella pneumophila(Lp) in water. Methods Take water samples from the natural and living environment, Suspective strains were cultivated routinely from condensed water samples, then dual identification of serology identification and 16S rRNA semi nested PCR technology were used to identify typings of Legionella and Lp. Results 28 water samples were detected Legionella positive of the whole 126 sampling sites(21 Lp positive among those). The legionella positive rates of sampling sites chosen in the natural and living environment were 32.1% and 22.2% respectively(Lp positive rates were 21 4% and 16 7% respectively); 36 samples were legionella positive of the 430 samples through a year(23 samples were Lp positive).The detection of positive rates were higher in summer and autumn , and also higher in air conditioner cooling tower water, shower water and lake water in park. Conclusion Lps are widely distributed over all kinds of water of the natural and living environment; the ambient temperature is an important factor for Lp's contamination, summer and autumn are the seasons with high incidence when Legionella contaminate and Legionellosis emit, and they also could be found in spring and winter. People contact closely with these water, such as park water, air conditioner cooling tower water, shower water etc., which are high risks of legionella contamination and legionellosis transmission. Necessary measures should be taken promptly to protect public health.