环境规制对企业竞争力的影响

EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ON FIRM COMPETIVENESS:A LITERATURE REVIEW

除改进环境绩效外 ,环境规制对本国企业竞争力的影响也是政策制定的关键影响因素。传统假设认为环境规制会负面影响企业竞争力 ,波特假设则认为在一定条件下 ,环境规制通过创新补偿与先动优势可提高企业竞争力。本文在提出问题的基础上 ,对上述假设进行了剖析。然后讨论了该领域研究的新动向 ,即不确定性因素的存在对环境规制与企业竞争力关系的影响 ,提出环境规制能否影响企业的竞争力还依赖于企业面临的内外部条件、环境管理动机等多种因素。

The effect of environmental regulation on the competitiveness of domestic enterprisecs is a crucial factor for the decision-making of environmental policies besides improving the environmental performance. According to the traditional hypothesis, environmental regulation will negatively affect the firm competitiveness since the regulation will induce the increase of production cost. On the opposite, Porter hypothesis assumes environmental regulation will promote the competitiveness of firm competitiveness on the conditions that the regulation should be based on the market mechanism and be considered within the dynamic circumstances. The firm competitiveness will be increased through the innovation offsets and first-mover advantages. Each hypothesis has its own supporters and combats with each other. The current research has moved out of the endless quarrel and mainly focuses on such issues with recognition of the existence of uncertainties faced by the firms. Within the recent research framework, the effect of environmental regulation on the firm competitiveness also depends on the conditions inside and outside the firm, the motives of the firm's environmental management and strategic interaction between the regulator and regulated firm. The article has reviewed and analysied the relevant literatures.