颏管的应用解剖学研究

The applied anatomical study of mental canal

目的 :研究国人颏管的形态及颏管与下颌管、切牙神经管的位置关系 ,为口腔牙种植等颏区手术提供解剖学数据。方法 :磨开 13例 ( 2 6侧 )甲醛溶液固定的湿下颌骨标本的下颌管前段、颏管和切牙神经管始段 ,直接观察测量。另取 2 1侧经过脱钙处理的下颌骨标本 ,解剖并显露下颌管、颏管和切牙神经管进行观测。结果 :下颌管前端分成 2个管 :颏管和切牙神经管。大多数颏管行向后上外开口于颏孔 ,颏管长为 :( 5 .61±1.0 7)mm ,管径为 :( 2 .5 3± 0 .47)mm ,颏孔前缘至下颌管前端的水平距离为 :( 2 .82± 1.2 9)mm ,颏孔下缘到下颌管上缘的垂直距离为 ( 3 .83± 1.43 )mm ,颏管与下颌管之间的角度为 ( 63 .5 7± 13 .71)° ,颏管内有颏神经和颏血管行走。结论 :下颌管向后上外方续为颏管再通向颏孔 ,并非以往认为的下颌管自后上内向前下外方向直接开口于颏孔。

Objective:To study the morphological characteristics of the mental canal and its relation to the mandibular canal and incisor nerve canal.Methods:The anterior parts of the mandibular canal, the mental canal and the origin of the incisor nerve canal were dissected and measured directly on 13 cases of Chinese wet mandible specimens fixed with formalin. The mandibular canal, the mental canal and the incisor nerve canal of another 21 sides of decalcified mandibles were dissected and measured. Results:The anterior terminal part of the mandibular canal divided into mental canal and incisor nerve canal. Most of the mental canal bended backward, upward and outward then opened to the mental foramen. Mental canal's length was (5.61±1.07) mm averagely and its diameter (2.53± 0.47) mm. The horizontal distance from the anterior border of mental foramen to the anterior end of mandibular canal was (2.82±1.29) mm. The vertical distance from the inferior border of mental foramen to the superior border of mandibular canal was (3.83±1.43) mm. The angle between mental canal and mandibular canal was (63.57±13.71)°. Mental canal contained mental nerve and mental blood vessels. Conclusions:The anterior end of mandibular canal extends and becomes mental canal then opens to the mental foramen.