大学生学业自我效能感与心理健康的相关性研究

Correlation between self efficacy to school work and mental health of university students

目的考察大学生的学业自我效能感与心理健康水平及其相互关系。方法采用学业自我效能感调查问卷和精神状态评定量表(SCL-90)对621名大学生的学业自我效能感和心理健康状况进行了测查。结果大学生的学业自我效能感与SCL-90各因子得分呈较显著的负相关,且学习能力自我效能感与SCL-90中的躯体化(r=-0.387)、强迫(r=-0.542)、人际敏感(r=-0.634)、抑郁(r=-0.567)、焦虑(r=-0.524)、敌对(r=-0.348)、恐怖(r=-0.495)、偏执(r=-0.409)、精神病性(r=-0.583)、其他症状(r=-0.406)等各因子的相关要高于学习行为自我效能感与SCL-90中的躯体化(r=-0.141)、强迫(r=-0.322)、人际敏感(r=-0.337)、抑郁(r=-0.384)、焦虑(r=-0.351)、敌对(r=-0.173)、恐怖(r=-0.212)、偏执(r=-0.165)、精神病性(r=-0.298)、其他症状(r=-0.201)等各因子的相关;男生的学习能力自我效能感比女生高(7.54±1.89/6.47±1.62,t=2.26,P<0.05);14.92%的被调查大学生有不同程度的心理健康问题,且女生在抑郁、恐怖因子上平均得分显著高于男生(1.66±0.65和1.55±0.51,t=2.46,P<0.05;1.41±0.53和1.30±0.40,t=3.00,P<0.01)。结论大学生的学业自我效能感越高,心理健康水平越好。

AIM:To study the self efficacy to school work and mental health of university students,and to explore their correlation. METHODS:The self efficacy to school work questionnaire and symptom checklist 90 (SCL 90) were used to determine the self efficacy to school work and mental health of 621 university students. RESULTS:There were significantly negative correlations between the self efficacy to school work and the factor scores of SCL 90,and relation of the self efficacy to learning ability with somatization(r=-0.387),compulsion(r=-0.542),interpersonal sensitivity(r=-0.634),depression(r=-0.567),anxiety(r=-0.524), hostility (r=-0.348),panic (r=-0.495),paranoid (r=-0.409), psychosis (r=-0.583) and other symptoms (r=-0.406) were higher than those between the self efficacy to learning activity with somatization (r=-0.141),compulsion (r=-0.322),interpersonal sensitivity (r=-0.337),depression(r=-0.384),anxiety(r=-0.351),hostility(r=-0.173),panic(r=-0.212),paranoid(r=-0.165),psychosis (r=-0.298)and other symptoms(r=-0.201).The self efficacy to learning ability in male students(7.54±1.89) was higher than that in female students(6.47±1.62) (t=2.26, P< 0.05).There were 14.92%of the investigated subjects had mental health problems to different degrees,and the mean scores of depression and panic in female students(1.66±0.65 and 1.41±0.53) were significantly higher than those in male students (1.55±0.51 and 1.30±0.40)(t=2.46,P< 0.05; t=3.00,P< 0.01). CONCLUSION:The higher self efficacy to school work, the better mental health level of university students, so emphasis on the cultivation and raise of self efficacy to school work during mental health education in universities is one of the effective ways to improve the mental health level and prevent mental disease in university students.