高速超高速磨削工艺及其实现技术

HIGH SPEED AND SUPER-HIGH SPEED GRINDING PROCESS AND ITS ACHIEVE TECHNOLOGY

高速超高速磨削加工是先进制造方法的重要组成部分 ,集粗精加工与一身 ,达到可与车、铣和刨削等切削加工方法相媲美的金属磨除率 ,而且能实现对难磨材料的高性能加工。本文主要论述了高速超高速磨削工艺技术的特点 ;分析了电主轴是高速超高速磨削主轴系统的理想结构 ,介绍了陶瓷滚动轴承、磁浮轴承、空气静压轴承和液体动静压轴承在主轴单元中的应用 ;超高速砂轮主要用电镀或涂层超硬磨料 (CBN、金刚石 )制成 ,介绍了超硬磨粒的特点和砂轮的修整 ,分析了在高速及超高速磨床上得到广泛应用的德国Hofmann公司生产的砂轮液体式自动平衡装置 ;介绍了高压喷射法 ,空气挡板辅助截断气流法 ,气体内冷却法 ,径向射流冲击强化换热法磨削液供给系统的特点 ;最后介绍了直线电机进给系统和声发射智能监测系统等实现高速超高速磨削的关键技术。

High speed and super-high speed grinding machining is one of the important technology of advanced manufacture. Combined with raw and finishing machining,it can attain high removal rate like turning,milling and planning. The difficult-to-grind materials can also be ground by means of this method with high performance. In the paper,the characteristic of high speed and super-high speed grinding was introduced;Electric-spindle is one of the best spindle system of high speed and super-high speed grinding. Ceramic roll bearing,magnetic bearing,aerostatic bearing and hydrodynamic and hydrostatic bearing in the spindle unit are introduced;High speed and super-high speed grinding wheel is made with plated or coated superhard (CBN and diamond) abrasive. Characteristics of the superhard abrasive wheel as well as its dressing technique are presented. Automatic balancing equipment of grinding wheel of Hofmann corporation in Germany are analyzed. High pressure jet,scraper plate-aiding-stop air flow,grinding wheel inner cooling and radial jet impact grinding fluid supply systems are introduced. Finaly,linear motor in-feed system and acoustic emission intelligent monitoring system are analyzed.