4～5岁儿童单双维类比推理能力的发展水平和特点

ANALOGICAL REASONING MAKING OF CHILDREN AGED 4 TO 5 YEARS ON ONE AND TWO DIMENSIONS

研究了儿童单双维类比推理能力的发展水平和特点。被试为 4岁到 5岁儿童 4 2名 ,男 19名 ,女 2 3名。三种实验条件分别为控制组、单维组、双维组 ,采用体现因果关系的图片类比推理材料。结果表明 :在具备相应知识经验的前提下 ,4岁组到 5 5岁组儿童的单维类比推理能力已接近形成 ,没有显著的年龄差异 ;4岁组到 5 5岁组儿童的双维类比推理能力均还处于较低的发展水平 ,但年龄差异显著 ,其中 5 5岁组儿童明显优于 5岁组 ,5岁组和 4 5岁组之间没有显著差异 ,4 5岁组显著优于 4岁组 ,在一定程度上反映出 4 5～ 5 5岁为儿童发展双维类比推理的“快速增长期”。实验中没有发现“练习效应”。

Studied the development of analogical reasoning in three experimental conditions using causal materials, Ss were 42 children aged 4 to 5 years, 19 males and 23 females. Results indicated: on condition of possessing correspondent knowledge and experience, nearly all the 4 year olds and 5 year olds grasped analogical reasoning on one dimension; There was no significant difference between the 4 and 5 year olds in the one-dimension analogical reasoning, the 5 year olds were markedly superior to the 4 year olds in the two-dimension analogical reasoning; There was significant difference between the 4 and 4 5 year olds in the two-dimension analogical reasoning; 5.5 year olds were markedly superior to the 5 year olds, to some degree which reflected that the age of 4.5 to 5.5 is the 'rapid development period' of analogical reasoning on two dimensions. 'Exercise effect' was not discovered in the experiment.