小学高年级儿童亲子依恋的发展及其与同伴交往的关系

4-6th Graders'Attachment to Parents and Its Associations with Peers Relations

以武汉市三所普通小学四、五、六年级的 5 0 5名学生为被试 ,用问卷调查、团体施测的方式 ,探讨亲子依恋与其同伴交往的关系 ,结果发现 :儿童的母—子依恋安全性得分和对父母的信赖有显著年级差异 ,表现为随着年级的增长而下降 ,同时母—子依恋安全性得分显著高于父—子依恋 ;在儿童友谊质量、社交焦虑方面 ,父、母均有影响 ,在社会交往行为表现及好朋友提名分方面母亲的作用也是显见的 ;与双亲建立了双重安全依恋型的儿童获益最大 ,双重非安全依恋型的儿童损失最惨重。

This study examined the developmental changes in 4th,5th ,6th graders' attachment security to parents and the respective role of child mother and child father attachment on children's different domains of social functioning. Results showed that children's perceptions of parental availability and attachment to mother decreased significantly with age. Attachment to mother and father differs ,too. While children's access to parents and attachment to father didn't differ as a function of age. It was found that social behaviors and nominations of best friends were better predicted by the quality of child mother attachment than by that of child father attachment. Friendship quality and social anxiety were related to attachment to both mother and father. Children with two secure attachments had advantage over others.