中国中央政府宏观经济政策的操作及其变革

Operations and Changes of Macro-Economic Policies of China' s Central Government

尽管在中国,“宏观经济政策”一词是80年代引进的,但中央政府的经济政策中从来就包含着对宏观经济状态有影响的内容。本文的目的主要是讨论80年代以来,我国中央政府对宏观经济的具体政策操作。这必然涉及两个相关的问题。一是中央政府对宏观经济局势的判断。因为政策的制定及其实施是以对宏观经济局势的判断为依据的。一是我国经济的基本制度。因为基本的经济制度结构对宏观经济特征有着决定性的影响,这一制度结构的长期存在又形成了中央政府在进行宏观经济局势判断时的基本观念,以及制约着中央政府在进行政策操作时可能选择的手段。因此,本文在讨论对政策的具体操作之前,讨论一下中央政府的宏观经济判断,并且在讨论中必然要涉及对决定和形成判断与操作的制度因素的讨论。

Though the phrase 'macro-economic policy' was introduced to China in the 80s, the economic policies of China' s central government have always contained the content which influ- ence the macro-economic situation. This article mainly discusses how the Chinese central government has carried out the policies to adjust and control macro-economy since the 80s. Here two questions are naturally touched upon. The first is the judgement upon macro-economic situation by the central government. This is because that the policy-making and policyimplementing are based on this judgement. The second is the basic system of China' s economy. This is because that the basic economic system has decisive impact on the charateristics of macro-economy and the long time existance of this basic system shapes the fundamental ideas of the central government in judging macro-economic situation and restricts the central government in choosing economic policies. So, before discussing the manipulation of economic policies, the paper studies the central government's judgements on macr-economic situation first. And before these two questions, are touched upon, background theories related to macro-economic policies are to be introduced.