土地改革与农民社会心理变迁

The Land Reform and the Social Psychological Changes of Peasants

土地改革不仅改变了既存的土地关系,而且使中国乡村社会一政治结构发生了根本性转换。这一转换推动了农民社会心理由“知足常乐”到“发家求富”、由保守到激进,以及阶级意识替代家族意识、领袖崇拜替代民间信仰等方面的变迁。这一变迁与农业合作化运动,有矛盾的一面,但总的来说,它推动了农业合作化运动的发展。这也从一个侧面,反映了土地改革与农业合作化运动之间的复杂关系。

This paper reviews the influence of the land reform, led by the CCP early in the period of the founding of the PRC, on the peasants social psychology. The author indicated that the transform of the social - political frameworks of Chinese villages, caused by the land reform, promoted the peasants' social psychology changing from 'contentment bringing happiness' to 'building up a family fortune' , from conservative to radical, etc. At the same time, the peasants substituted class -consciousness for family - consciousness, substituted worshiping leaders for civilian belief. Although being ambivalent, yet these changes promoted the development of the agricultural cooperative movement.