中国农业史的起点与农业对草地农业系统的回归——有关我国农业起源的浅议

The Starting Point of Agricultual History in China and Backing to the Original Pastoral-Agronomy System

农业起源于以伏羲氏为代表的草地畜牧业时代。以籽粒生产为主导的神农时代相继发生。其间应存在过渡时期 ,过渡时期的长短 ,因地域特点而异。伏羲时代不仅体现了一种生产和生活方式 ,它还具有游牧民族的文化内涵。这是一种不可忽视的时空特征的地理历史现象。过去把神农氏作为华夏农业起源的象征 ,是囿于‘辟土殖谷曰农’的华夏农耕文化的偏见 ,不仅抹煞了整个伏羲代表的历史阶段 ,也割裂了农业生态系统的整体模式 ,终于泛化为单一籽粒生产为主的“以粮为纲”单一农业系统 ,使土地利用偏颇 ,文化多样性受损 ,最终导致了生态、生产两败俱伤 ,形成举国为之忧虑的“三农问题”。农业的实质是自然生态系统遵循一定规律而发展的多阶段的农业化过程。目前在社会迅速发展的形势下 ,我们逐步从单一谷物生产的华夏农耕文化的弊端 ,领悟了农业生态系统的整体性 ,这无疑是我国农业向生态系统的回归 ,在我国农业中出现天、地、人和谐发展的曙光。

Agriculture was initiated from pastoral land during Fuxi's period in China and followed with the grain oriented production during Shengnun's era. Between the two eras there was a transitional phase with its length varied in accordance to geographic features of regions.Fuxi era not merely indicated a particular format for production and lifestyle but also had the nomadic cultural significance of a geo-historical phenomenon that cannot be ignored in terms of its spatial and time features. Shengnun has long been regarded as symbol of initiative of agriculture{ in} China. However this view is biased by Chinese traditional idea regarding that farming means only land plough and planting. This biased{ view} has not only totally ignored the whole Fuxi's era but detached the integral agro-ecosystem and finally resulted in mono agricultural system with grain production as it core. Furthermore it has resulted the unbalanced land use and damaged cultural diversity and both ecology and production being suffered and leading to the nation-wide worries in terms of farming, farmers and farms. The very nature of agriculture is natural ecosystems in agriculturalized process with multi stages and follows certain rules.{ With} the rapid social development we have gradually comprehended {the} integrity of ecosystem of agriculture from the defects embodied in the Chinese traditional farming culture of mono grain production, which is undoubtedly a sign for Chinese agriculture returning back to its pastoral-agronomy system originally. We seems near to the dawn of harmonious development of nature and human beings.