论安全科学技术学科体系的结构和内涵

Critical Examination of Safety Science

安全科学技术学科作为《学科分类与代码》的一个一级学科 ,有明确的研究对象———事故 ,其研究目的是事故预防和控制事故损失。该学科以事故的发生发展规律为基础科学 ,它与不同的研究手段和工具交叉形成了该学科的应用科学体系。根据研究范围的不同 ,安全学科在不同的领域又形成了一个分支学科体系 ,但研究方法和工具仍然是相同的。就作者的鉴别能力和学科发展现状来说 ,安全科学技术学科的结构由至少 6个基础概念、 3条公理组成 。

As a first-level scientific discipline listed in the Chinese National Standard GB/T13745-1992, the Code and Classification for Disciplines, safety science has its own research object, i.e. the accidents, incidents or near misses occurring in a wide range of human activities. Its aim of research is to prevent all accidents and control loss caused by accidents. By combination of fundamental principles of accident prevention and its investigating tools, which includes natural sciences, e.g. mathematics, physics, chemistry and social sciences, like managerial science and psychology, a system of applied safety sciences has been formed. And, when this system is applied in different fields, a different system of sub-system of safety sciences can be created, e.g. public safety, city security and safety, occupational health and safety—a most sophisticated subject in safety science. By careful examination, comprehensive analysis of many contributions by scientists in accident and injury prevention field, 6 basic concepts and 3 axioms have been identified by the authors, which can be used to structure the frame of safety science.