某宝石加工厂矽肺的调查分析

Epidemiological study on silicosis in a gem factory

目的 调查某宝石加工厂工人矽肺的发病特征。方法 对某宝石加工厂接尘工人进行矽肺横断面流行病学调查。结果 该厂作业场所矽尘浓度平均为 3 3mg/m3 ,游离SiO2 含量平均为 93 1%。该厂矽肺发病率为 3 94%( 10 /2 5 4) ,发病年龄 ( 2 3 8± 3 0 2 )岁 ,接尘工龄为 ( 3 3 3± 1 47)年。患者X线胸片表现以q影为主。矽肺肺结核并发率为2 0 % ;矽肺患者肺活量 (VC)、用力肺活量 (FVC)、1秒钟用力呼气量 (FEV1) ,最大通气量 (MVV)值明显低于接尘工人 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;完全丧失劳动能力者占 70 %。结论 宝石加工工人矽肺符合急进型矽肺的诊断 ,其特点为发病年龄小 ,接尘工龄短 ,肺通气功能明显损伤 ,致病残程度较重 ,预后较差。

Objective To study the epidemiological feature of the occurrence of gem worker's silicosis(GWS). Methods A cross-section epidemiological investigation in a gem factory in Guangdong province was carried out. Results The average dust concentration in the workshop was 3.3 mg/m 3,average free silica content was 93.1%. The incidence of GWS was 3.94%(10/254). The age of the patients suffering from silicosis and the duration of dust exposure were (23.80±3.02) years and (3.33±1.17) years respectively. Chest radiographic examination showed mainly small round opacities “q”. The incidence of GWS complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis was 20%. The value of VC, FVC, FEV 1 and MVV of GWS were smaller than those of the exposed workers (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 70% of the GWS completely lost their work-capacity. Conclusion Younger age suffering from silicosis, shorter duration of dust exposure and poorer prognosis in gem workers appeared to be the main epidemiological features of GWS in Guangdong.