顺德区13家企业职业性慢性铅中毒调查分析

Investigation and analysis on occupational chronic lead poisoning in 13 enterprises in Shunde district

目的 探讨顺德区铅作业工人职业性慢性铅中毒情况。方法 对 13家企业作业场所空气中铅浓度测定 ;以铅作业工人自然排尿铅含量高于 0 48μmol/ 2 4h为初筛对象 ,根据诊断性驱铅试验作铅中毒诊断。 结果 ①作业场所空气中铅浓度检测 198个点合格 ,合格率为 60 5 5 % ;② 12 15名作业工人中有 62例铅中毒 (轻度 5 8例、中度 4例 ) ,检出率为 5 10 % ,另观察对象 2 5 9例 ( 2 1 3 2 % ) ;③作业场所空气中铅浓度与发病有关 ,电容器行业的喷金工种铅浓度平均超标倍数最多 (铅尘 43 80倍 ,铅烟 5 5 5 0倍 )、患病率亦最高 ( 11 5 4% ) ;④铅中毒患者中男性多于女性 (P <0 0 1) ,发病工龄较短。结论 职业健康监护可及早发现铅中毒病人 ,及时防治可有效控制铅中毒。

Objective To study the status of occupational chronic lead poisoning in the workers in Shunde district. Methods Lead concentrations in the air of workplaces in 13 enterprises were monitored. Workers exposed to lead were screened by their urinary lead(>0.48 μmol/24 h) and then diagnosed by diagnostic chelation treatment. Results Lead concentration in 198 sampling points(60.55%) were below the limit of national standard. There were 62 cases of lead poisoning(58 slight and 4 medium) in 1 215 (5.10%) workers exposed to lead. Another 259 persons were served as observation figures(21.32%). It was also shown that lead concentration related to the incidence of diseases. Sprayers in capacitor industry had the highest incidence(11.54%), for the lead concentrations in their workplaces were 43.80 times(lead dust) and 55.50 times(lead fume) exceeded the limits of the standard. The cases were found more in male and younger than before. Conclusion Occupational health wardship can discover lead poisoning cases earlier and in-time prevention and treatment can effectively control lead poisoning.