行为主义心理学的兴起与衰落

The rising and decline of behavioristic psychology

在心理学发展的历史长河中,行为主义心理学以其势不可挡的锐气和实证的、可操作性的研究方法统治了心理学界近半个世纪的时间,为心理学走上科学化做出了不可磨灭的贡献。虽然作为一个心理学流派行为主义已经不复存在,但时至今日,行为主义的一些研究方法和研究成果仍在社会很多领域里发挥作用。本文力图通过社会文化背景与学科自身发展的逻辑性阐述其兴起的原因,而从方法论的视角揭示其衰落的必然性,并为心理学研究提供某些借鉴。

In the river of the psychology development history,behavioristic psychology presented itself superbly and invincibly,and dominated the psychology world with its practical researching methods for nearly half century.It made great contributions towards getting psychology on more scientific way.Behavioristic psychology perished as one of the schools of psychology,but some of its researching measures and achievements do work in many studying fields nowadays.This paper is to expound the causes of its rising through analyzing the social culture background and the logical self-developing of the subject study;at the same time,to evoke the certainly of its decline from the angle of methodology,with the purpose of bringing meanings to the psychology study.