从传统到近代——晚清浙江学术的变迁

From Traditional Times to Modern Times ——Academic Changes of Zhejiang in the Late Qing Dynasty

清代嘉道以后 ,浙江传统学术日趋衰微 ,无论是理学还是汉学 ,都在走向败落。与此同时 ,传统学术内部出现了一股世俗化、理性化的趋势 ,在学术内容、学术精神、学术方法等方面作好了迎接西学的准备。在此基础上 ,浙江学者们继承和发扬传统学术中的优秀部分 ,吸纳西学 。

The thesis is an attempt at a case study of the academic development of Zhejiang in the late Qing Dynasty, with a view to describing specifically the its development from traditional times to modern times and related characteristics. After the reign of the Qing's emperors Jiaqing and Daoguang (1796—1850), the traditional systematic learning of Zhejiang went into decline, so did the rationalistic Confucian philosophical school and the Han school of classical philology. At the same time, the study of Confucian classics in modern script, which was a branch of traditional studies of Confucian classics, suddenly emerged as a new force. And it showed the tendency for attaching importance to realities instead of classics. The academic contents of the Han school of classical philology also began to transform from annotating the classics and elucidating the reason and good sense to studying the national economy and the people's livelihood. The traditional systematic learning displayed a new tendency, which would presumably smash the bonds of classics in pursuit of free studies facing the actual society. The revolutionary tendency, therefore, became the academic basis on which Chinese understood and accepted Western learning in the early days of modern China. On this basis, scholars in Zhejiang learned and introduced modern Western natural and social sciences, so that the modern systematic learning was founded. It is obvious that pressure and impetus from the dissemination of Western learning in China mainly led to the foundation of modern systematic learning. Meanwhile, however, it should not be overlooked that before this Chinese traditional systematic learning had already developed, ready for the transformation from traditional times to modern times in academic contents, methods, and spirit.