社会过程·文明过程·文化运动——阿尔弗莱德·韦伯的“历史内在结构论”述评

the Process of Society,Civilization,and the Movement of Culture:A Brief Review on Alfred Weber's Theory “Structure Inside History "

阿尔弗莱德·韦伯以他的“历史内在结构论”在“文化形态学”领域独树一帜。按照他的理论 ,对人类和民族历史的分析与考察应分社会过程、文明过程、文化运动三个层面。社会过程是人类和民族历史的外在显示 ,如同人的身体 ;文明过程是人类历史得以延续的动力 ,如同人的营养 ;文化过程是各历史体的本质属性 ,如同人的基因。文明过程和文化运动在“创造”或“发现”、普遍性和排他性、累积性和一次性、合目的性和无目的性等四方面存在差异。阿尔弗莱德·韦伯的这一理论对于人们重新认识文化和文明的含义 ,克服欧洲中心论和狭隘的区域文明观 ,认真审视科学技术的社会功能 ,建立全球史观 。

According to Alfred Weber's theory, the history of the human race and nations should be searched in and analyzed from three levels. The process of society is the outside display which is just like the body of a person. The process of civilization is the energy which is just like nutrition to make a person keep alive. The movement of culture is the essence of a person and is just like his gene. The process of civilization and the movement of culture is different in four sections :creation or discovery, universality or particularity, accumulation or one-off, having-purpose or no-purpose. Alfred Weber's theory is helpful to re-understand the meaning of civilization and culture, to overcome the theory of European Centralism and the idea of parochial civilization of area, and it makes us to survey the social function of scientific technology once more and establish an idea of global history.