论民族主义史学的兴起与缺失(下)——从全球比较史学的角度考察

The Rise of National History and Its Challenges:A Comparative Perspective on Global Historiography

民族主义史学是近现代史学的主要潮流。自 17世纪从西方兴起以后 ,随着西方殖民主义的扩张而走向全球 ,至今不衰。对于非西方地区的史家而言 ,民族主义史学为他们抵御西方军事和文化的侵略 ,从事民族国家的建设 ,起了重要的作用。尽管如此 ,民族主义本身是西方历史与文化的产物 ,并不完全适用于解释中国和印度等地区的历史。因此 ,需要从比较史学的角度 ,以西方、东亚、伊斯兰和印度等地民族主义史学的发展特点为例 ,分析民族主义史学的共性 ,及其在近年所面临的挑战 。

What characterizes the globalization of historiography since the 17th century has been the rise of national history, which appeared first in Europe and spread quickly throughout the world. If the writing of national history reflected the political reality of modern Europe, it also appealed to non-Western historians because nationalism as an ideology helped their struggle in confronting Western intrusion. Though important, nationalist historiography also has inherent problems resulting from its Eurocentric origin and experience.