儒家传统文化与中国的官商关系——以明清为透视点

On Traditional Confucian Culture and the Relationship between the Officials and Businessmen in Old China : A Case Study of the Ming and Qing Dynasty

儒与贾本是两个有着明显区别的职业群体,儒以掌教化为职,贾以获利赚钱为能,即所谓"贾为厚利,儒为名高"。这势必造成两者之间价值趋向方面的差异。中国历史上官商合流长期存在,其中渗透着儒家传统文化与商品经济发展之间的矛盾与统一。明清作为中国商品经济发展的高峰时期,分析政府官员与商人的广泛交往、国家政权与商业经济相互依赖以及相互作用的特点,可以探讨儒家传统文化在政府干预与经济发展关系中的位置。

Confucian scholars and businessmen are quite different professional groups because the former group aims at instruction while the latter at making a profit. Thus, they should have different values. In Chinese history, officials associated themselves with businessmen, which reveals the contradiction and unity between traditional Confucian culture and the development of commodity economy. This paper centers on the study of the Ming and Qing Period when the commodity economy reached a peak, and analyzes the cooperation between the government officials and businessmen and the traits of interaction between the state power and commodity economy, which reveals the role of traditional Confucian culture in the relationship between the government interference and economic development.