昆剧状元形象的艺术意蕴

Artistic Connotation of Zhuangyuan in Kunju Opera

昆剧“状元戏”从某种意义上说 ,乃是一种人文环境的写意化。它总是通过读书人近乎挣扎般的个人奋斗 ,用来赢得对于作为个体的“读书人”的无形价值的社会认同。明、清昆剧“状元戏”的“大团圆”程式 ,作为艺术创作的一种思维定势 ,无意中成了儒家“修身、齐家”的活的形象教材。但舞台上的昆剧状元形象并不以此为止境。读书人一旦“书包翻身” ,还须施之于“治国、平天下”。因而从根本上说 ,昆剧状元的价值实现不以“大团圆”为标志 ,有许多传奇已将“读书人”的无形价值从状元的家庭、天伦圆满向“匹夫有责”的“天下”安危延伸。

Kunju opera featuring Zhuangyuan(the champion in the Imperial Civil Examination) is to some extent a vivid expression of humane environment. It wins the social approval of the value of 'scholars' as individuals by describing their personal struggles. As a mode of thinking in artistic creation, the happy ending presented in kunju opera of Zhuangyuan in the Ming and Qing dynasties has unintentionally been the image of'cultivating individual morality and managing family affairs'that is advocated by the Confucian School.However,kunju opera goes further than that. As soon as scholars stand up, they will manage to handle state affairs. Therefore, the valuable realization of Zhuangyuan in kunju opera is more than the happy ending. Scholars in a lot of chuanqi operas extend their ideal from family to country.