哈贝马斯的反思批判的认识论及其启示

Habermas's Epistemology of Critical Reflection and Its Implications

哈贝马斯的认识论是以反思批判为特点,以解放的认识兴趣为标志的。哈贝马斯通过回顾哲学史上从康德到马克思的哲学反思阶段,批判了实证主义拒绝自我反思要求、只对经验事实进行描述的客观主义缺陷,建构了以兴趣为基础、兴趣和认识相互交叉的认识论。他特别强调解放的兴趣在认识论重建中的意义,认为解放的兴趣达到了自觉的社会反思批判的层次和高度,是合理理解技术兴趣和实践兴趣的前提。我们应该批判地借鉴哈贝马斯的反思批判的认识论,改变对马克思主义认识论的单纯描述性的理解,凸显其反思批判的社会性维度。

Habermas's epistemology is marked by critical reflection and released interest. Through retrospect from Kant to Marx in the history of philosophy, Habermas criticized the objectivism of positivism in denying self-reflection and emphasizing only the experienced facts. In the light of this he established his epistemology based on interest and interactive reflection between interest and knowledge. He placed special stress on the function of released interest in this epistemology, believing that released interest manifested a higher level of cognition in form of conscious social critical reflection. And this, he expressed, is the prerequisite of understanding technological interest and practical interest.