德国学校法的基本内容及其立法特点——以勃兰登堡、黑森和巴伐利亚三州学校法为例

The Basic Contents and Legislative Features of German School Laws ——Taking school laws in Brandenburg,Hessen and Bayern as examples

德国学校教育受各州学校法调整。学校法主要规定学校的任务、举办者和法律地位、学校教育分类及其学校类型结构、义务教育及其学校教学活动、学校各法律关系主体及其权利、学校人事和财务以及国家对学校的监督等。立法旨在对公立和非公立学校自身及其各种法律关系进行规范,并注意到学校内部与外部事务之区分。学校法中既无立法目的之规定,也无责任条款之规定。

School education in Germany is regul ated by the school laws of the states.They mainly pre-scribe the mission,investors,legal status,styles and structures of sc hools as well as compulsory educatio n and school teaching,juristic subjects and their rights,school personnel a nd financial affairs and the supervision of schools by the government etc..The p urposes of the school laws are to offe r criterions for public and non-publ ic schools and their various legal rela tionships and to differentiate schools' internal affairs from external ones.German school laws bear on neither le gislative aims nor legal responsibi lity.