2[1]Macintyre PE . Safety and efficacy of patient control analgesia. Br J Anaesth , 2001, 87 (1) :36-46 .
3[2]Patrica Lanvand's Homme, Marc De Kock. Practical guidelines on the postoperative use of patient-controlled analgesia in the elderly. Drugs Againg ,1998,13 (1): 9-16.
4[3]Margo,Mclaffery and Betty R. Understanding opioids addiction . Nursing, 1994, 24 (8) :58.
5[4]Gustafson Y, Berggren D, Brannstorm B, et al. Acute confusional states in elderly patients treated for femoral neck fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc ,1988,36: 525-530.
6[5]Myster T, Jenson FG, et al. The effect of posture on late postoperative hypoxaemia. Anaesthesia, 1996, 51: 225.