生态人类学视野中的土著传统

Indigenous tradition in dimension of ecological anthropology

在涉及具体的社会经济发展过程中 ,一定要考虑土著传统与环境之间互动关系的民间知识体系所具有的合理内涵。事实上 ,在可持续发展中 ,人们已意识到当地民众对环境问题的观点强烈地影响环境治理的方式 ,只有在环境计划中反映当地的信念、价值和意识形态 ,社区才给予支持。理解土著传统和生态关系的主题 ,包括亲属制度、人地关系、传统的环境知识以及宇宙观。亲属关系的主题把注意力投向频繁出现在土著社会中的主要世界观 ,它不仅强调所有存在的整体性 ,也强调保持与自然世界的密切关系。以人地关系为主轴形成空间与地域这一对密切相关的概念 ,空间、自身与地域之间的关系构成关于环境敏感性的重要的实质和精神内容。对土地、动植物的认知和信仰以及利用和保护自然资源的制度安排构成土著传统的环境知识。对于地方生命圈中的土著民族来说 ,自身的微观宇宙与更广大世界的宏观宇宙的相互关系能够在土著宗教宇宙观中反映出来。

The rational implications of indigenous traditional knowledge system of interaction between tradition and environment should be taken into account in a certain process of social economic development. In fact, it has been recognized that the viewpoints of the indigenous about environment have great effects on the way of environment governance. The themes that provide orientation for understanding the relations between indigenous religions and ecology include kinship, spatial and biographical relations with place, traditional environmental knowledge, and cosmology. The theme of kinship draws attention to a key worldview value repeatedly found among indigenous societies emphasizing the integrity of all reality as well as the intimate relations maintained with the natural world. The relationships among space, body, and place are also the main contents of vulnerability of environment. The concepts and beliefs of earth, animals and botany, the institutional arrangement constitute indigenous traditional environment knowledge. The interrelationship of the microcosm of the body with the macrocosm of the larger world is mirrored most immediately for indigenous peoples in the local bioregion.