器官移植涉及的刑法问题

The Criminal Law Issues relating to Organ Transplantation

医生为移植而摘取活人的器官，不构成故意伤害罪的根本理由是有供者的承诺。任何人不能为移植而摘取无承诺能力的未成年人的器官，也不能以紧急避险为由，强行摘取不同意捐献器官者的器官，否则，就有可能构成故意伤害罪。医生为移植而摘取尸体器官，一般不构成盗窃、侮辱尸体罪，但如果无死者生前的承诺，也未经死者近亲属同意，又无其他法定的特殊事由，则是非法行为，应受民事或行政处罚。器官移植诱发了买卖人体器官、非法摘取人体器官以及进行人体试验等新型犯罪。我国应尽快立法，增设这些新的罪名及其处罚规定。

A doctor can remove a man's organ for transplantation and don't constitute intentional injury crime if he got the assent of organ provider. Anyone can't remove the organ of junior for transplantation, and remove anyone's organ without his assent, otherwise it probably will constitute intentional injury crime. Generally speaking, if a doctor removes a organ from a corpse for transplantation don't constitute theft or insulting corpse crime, but if he didn't get the assent of the dead before he die, and don't get the assent of the close relatives of the dead, the doctor may commit a illegal act, and should be punished civilly or administratively. Organ transplantation induces many new crimes such as the sale of human organ, illegal removal of human organ and test on human body etc. we should make relative law to punish these crimes.