长白山自然保护区风灾干扰区生态系统的恢复与重建

Restoration and Rebuilding of the Wind Disturbed Ecosystems at the Wind Disaster Region in the National Nature Reserve of Changbai Mountain

为了恢复长白山自然保护区受台风严重破坏的森林生态系统 ,利用样方对比法对风灾干扰区进行了调查与分析 ,根据调查结果和风灾迹地类型 ,依据植被垂直分布规律人工引进先锋树种 ,并按不同的密度进行单株造林或簇株造林 ,为保证其成活率 ,对苗木还采用生根粉处理、地膜覆盖、施肥、大穴整地、高强度抚育等措施。恢复与重建试验表明 :风灾迹地的植被结构由草本植物群落转变为木本植物群落 ;生物多样性指数提高 0 .5以上 ,土壤物理性质有所改善 :草根盘结度下降、土壤持水量和土壤孔隙度有所提高。长白山自然保护区风灾干扰区森林生态系统恢复和重建的难易程度由难到易排序如下 :高海拔 (14 5 0m以上 )生草密集的云冷杉林风灾迹地 ,低海拔(12 0 0～ 14 5 0m)生草密集的云冷杉林风灾迹地 ,低海拔 (12 0 0m以下 )的火山灰裸地、红松阔叶林风灾迹地。

The investigation and analysis of wind-disturbed ecosystems at wind disaster region in the National Nature Reserve of Changbai Mountain were made by sampling antitheses in order to restore the seriously damaged ecosystems. According to the investigating results and the types of wind-disturbed blanks, pioneer tree species were introduced in the light of the regularity of plant vertical distribution, and the trees were planted in individual or cluster due to different densities. Some measures, such as root-promoting powder treatment, plastic film covering, fertilization, site-preparation with wide aperture and tending with high intensity, were adopted for the sake of high survival rate. The restoration and rebuilding experiments show that the vegetation structure of the wind-disturbed ecosystems has changed obviously from herb to woody plant, its biodiversity has been increased over 0.5, and the physical properties of the soil has been improved, namely twist degree of roots of the grass fall, and soil porosity and moisture capacity increase. It is obvious that the restoration and rebuilding techniques are effective and feasible. The sequence of the degree of difficulty in restoring and rebuilding the wind-disturbed ecosystems is densely growing grass in higher elevation (above 1 450 m), the disturbed spruce and fir ecosystem with densely growing grass in lower elevations (1 200～1 450 m), the bare land with volcanic ash in lower elevation (below 1 200 m), and the disturbed broadleaved Korean pine ecosystems.