西安地下热水开采现状与合理开发利用探讨

Current state of geothermal water use in Xi'an and Its reasonable exploitation

西安市的热水井井深较大,投资费用高,延长地热井的使用寿命,对经济合理的开发地下热水则十分重要。根据对西安市多年地下热水动态的监测资料分析,西安市的地热井水头下降速度过大,尤以第三和第四热储层段更大,年均下降10余米,个别甚至达到37m。依据地下热水的埋藏特征和各井的分布及开采量情况分析,造成上述现象的主要原因是由于井距较近、开采层段集中和单井开采量过大所致。为使西安市的地下热水能可持续开发利用,提出合理布井、限量开采及地下热水的回灌等措施。

It is important to expand the life of geothermal wells in Xi'an,because depths of the wells are relatively big,and the drilling investment is comparatively high. According to the monitoring results of geothermal water heads,the decreasing rates of geothermal water heads in Xi'an are too fast,especially the third and fourth geothermal reservoir. their average decreasing rate is more than 10 m/yr,and the biggest one reached to 37 m/yr. It is found from the analysis of the characteristics of geothermal reservoirs,the distribution and the pumping rates of the wells, the reason for this is that the wells are too close,the exploitation is too centralized,and the pumping rates are too high. For the sustainable exploitation of geothermal waters in Xi'an,the measures of reasonably distributing geothermal wells,limiting the pumping rates as well as artificial recharge of geothermal waters should be taken.