郭象与魏晋美学

Guo Xiang and Esthetics of Wei-Jin Period

郭象是西晋年间重要的思想家,他的思想对于西晋的美学产生了重要的影响。郭象在注解《庄子》时,对传统学说提出了一套自己的解释理论。他批评王弼以无为贵的思想,强调事物的个体存在性,主张取消统一的精神标准。郭象认为事物的变化是由一种无从捉摸、冥然无迹的"玄冥"所支配,没有内在的规律可循。郭象进而提出,事物的自由是由各适其性的特点所决定的。"逍遥游"就是任从自我,不必追求固定的精神价值。郭象还主张美与丑的标准是相对的,是出自个体性的。这样也就取消了评判善和美的统一标准。他的思想代表了汉魏向两晋南朝转化的士人心态与人格精神,并且深刻地影响了作为六朝美学灵魂的人格精神。

Guo Xiang is one of important thinkers in the Western Jin Dynasty, whose thought produced a deep influence on esthetics during this period. He put forward his own theory of hermeneutics for traditional doctrine, while noting Zhuangzi.He criticized Wang Bi for his theory of thinking nothing, emphasized things as individual existence,and advocated abolishing the consolidated standard of spirit. Guo Xiang thought variety of things was dominated by'Xuan-Ming', as undetectable and traceless, with no inherent laws to follow. Further, Guo Xiang pointed out freedom of things is determined by peculiarities to their own. Peripateticism-wander means a value of spirit characterized by self-indulgence and unnecessary pursuit of stillness. Besides,Guo Xiang maintained that standard of beauty and ugliness is relative and comes from individuality, and thus abolishing the standard of good and beauty. His thought is the representation of intellectuals'feelings and personal spirits,and deeply influences the personal spirits as soul of Six-dynasties esthetics.