小流域坡耕地集流梯田工程设计与应用

Design and application of rainwater harvesting terrace project in hillside fields

本文遵循坡地水量平衡原理和雨水叠加利用理论,提出了小流域坡耕地集流梯田工程的设计方法。研究这类工程的内涵、集流潜力及其断面参数。并对工程集蓄的径流通过典型工程应用分析了集流梯田对提高土壤水分、改良土壤和增产增收的效果进行了研究。结果表明,在我国北方丘陵半干旱地区修建1∶1平坡比的集流梯田工程,比简单的坡耕地土壤含水量提高18 03%～25 87%;土壤全氮和有机质分别增加0 05～0 1g·kg-1和0 89～3 01g·kg-1;产量提高58 28%～76 02%。

The design method for rainwater harvesting terrace project in hillside field is proposed by following the balance principle of rainfall runoff and the theory for utilizing the accumulated rainfall.The potential of harvesting in a watershed and the reasonable profile parameters of the project are investigated.The effects of this kind of project on elevating soil moisture,improving the property of soil and increasing the yield of crop are analyzed by an example.It is found that the soil moisture is elevated by 18.03%-25.8%;the total nitrogen,available phosphorous and organic matter in soil increased by 0.05-0.1g/kg,0.62-3.5mg/kg and 0.89-3.01g/kg respectively;the corn yield increased by 58.28%-76.02%.