论教育的经济属性、教育的公益性、学校的非营利性与教育市场化改革

On the Economic Feature and Public Welfare of Education, the Non-profit Making of School and the Marketized Reform of Education

教育是准公共产品,这不是由于学生的就学所具有的非竞争性所致,而是因为人力资本具有外部性、非竞争性和非排他性。教育的公益性就是教育服务的外部性,公益性和营利性是对立的。我们倡导教育进行市场化改革,也只是在能够市场化的方面进行市场化改革。无论教育经费的来源,还是学校等教育组织的举办,政府一定处于主导地位,市场只是一种辅助补充,这一点根本不同于其他私人产品的生产提供。

Education is a quasi-public product, which is caused not by the fact that students don't have to compete for schooling, but that the utilizing and consuming of human capital is external, non-competitive and non-exclusive. The public welfare of education is the exterior of educational service, and public welfare and profit making are contradictory. We advocate the marketized reform of education just in those aspects capable of being marketized. No matter where the educational fund is from and whether it is organized by the school, the government must be in the leading role with the market as the supplement. So it is quite different from the provision of other private products.