逻辑学发展过程中的曲折——从伽利略到黑格尔

On the complicated developmental course of logic from Galileo to Hegel

从文艺复兴到黑格尔时代,由于社会历史、自然科学尤其是数学发展的局限、逻辑本质认识上的不明确等内在原因,逻辑学在形式化的发展过程中出现曲折。培根倡导归纳法,试图用科学方法论取代演绎逻辑的地位,其结果,一方面发展了归纳方法,另一方面,也模糊了人们对逻辑学的认识。黑格尔则把逻辑的内涵不正确地扩大,认为逻辑学不仅要研究形式而且还要研究内容,这是对逻辑学认识的一种倒退。然而,他的意外的却又极其重大、影响深远的贡献是发展了辩证法,这在人类认识演变史上是一个伟大的进步。

Owing to the causes of localizations of social history,limitation of the development of science, in particular mathematics from the Renaissance to the Hegel period, some complicated situations appeared in the developmental course of formalization of logic. Bacon advanced induction and tried to replace formal logic by scientific methodology. As a result, on the one hand he advanced his scientific method for induction, on the other hand he confused, to some degree, people with the essence of logic. Hegel incorrectly enlarged the intension of logic, he believed that logic should and must study not only form but also content. And this thought about logical essence went backward in history. But he put forward the idealist dialectics that is a great progress in the history of human epistemology.