评厄尔·迈纳《比较诗学》中关于中国原创诗学的一个观点

Comments on the view about Chinese originative poetics in Earl Miner's Comparative Poetics: An Intercultural Essay on Theories of Literature

厄尔·迈纳在《比较诗学》中认为,当一个或几个有洞察力的批评家根据当时最受崇尚的文类来定义文学的本质和地位时,一种原创诗学就发展起来了。西方诗学是亚里士多德根据戏剧定义文学而建立起来的,是一种"摹仿—情感的"(mimetic-affective)诗学;日本和中国的诗学是以抒情诗为基础的,是一种"情感—表现的"(affective-expressive)诗学;世界上没有一种诗学是建立于叙事文学之上的。中国原创诗学是《诗大序》。本文在此基础上论述了为何中国原创诗学建立在抒情诗的基础上,并认为《诗大序》之前的古代诗论,特别是孔子和司马迁的诗论,也是中国原创诗学的重要组成部分。

In his Comparative Poetics: An Intercultural Essay on Theories of Literature, Earl Miner holds that once one or several critics who have an insight defining the nature and position of literature on the basis of the most advocated genre at that time, a kind of originative poetics has already developed. Aristotle who defined literature on the basis of theatre built the Western poetics, which is a kind of mimetic-affective poetics; while Japanese and Chinese critics who defined literature on the basis of lyrics built their own poetics, which features affective-expressive poetics; No poetics in the world is based on narrative literature. The Chinese originative poetics is represented by The Great Preface to the Mao Text of the Book of Odes. On the basis of the exposition of Earl Miner, this paper discusses why Chinese originative poetics is based on lyrics rather than narrative literature. Furthermore, the paper holds that not only The Great Preface to the Mao Text of the Book of Odes itself, but also all of the theories of poetry before it, especially those of Confucius and Sima Qian, are important components of Chinese originative poetics.