艾滋病流行影响因素的社会性别分析

Gender analysis on factors related to the HIV/AIDS epidemic

目的 对艾滋病流行影响因素的社会性别进行分析 ,分析艾滋病流行中的社会性别问题。方法 定性访谈和定量问卷调查相结合。结果 本次调查普通人群和艾滋病病毒感染者及男女患者间在预防知识方面无差异 ;定量调查发现在性观念方面 ,男女都较开放 ,但在对待两地分居婚外性行为的态度、性伴数方面男性更开放 ,发生婚前性行为时社会对男性持更宽容态度。对艾滋病病毒感染者和患者的访谈发现 ,男性经静脉吸毒感染为主 ,女性经性感染为主。男性感染后在使用安全套和通知性伴方面缺乏责任心。结论 艾滋病预防控制中要有社会性别意识 ,要针对男女两性的特点进行艾滋病防范意识教育 ,对把艾滋病流行阻断在以男性为主的阶段 。

Objective To express the gender dimension of HIV epidemic through the anlysis of factors related to HIV epidemic.Methods Combination of qualitative interview and quantitative questionnaire survey.Results Both male and female from the general population and PLAWHAs showed no difference on the AIDS awareness.The quantitative survey found the male and female were open minded on the sexual notion,but male were even more open toward extra-marital sex and multiple partner practice.Social environment hosted more tolerant attitude for male to practice pre-marital sex.Qualitative interview among PLWHAs found that the main route of transmission of HIV for male was injecting drug,the main route of transmission of HIV for female was sexual contact.Male with the HIV infection lacked of the sense of responsibility on the condom use and partner notification.Conclusion Gender awareness should be integrated into the HIVAIDS prevention.AIDS education should be tailored based on the different trait posed by male and female.It was of great significance to stop the HIV at the stage of male dominated period and safegguard the health of women.