初论“泛华夏造山作用”与加里东和泛非造山作用的对比

Comparison of the Pan-Cathaysian orogeny with the Caledonian and Pan-African orogenies

“泛非造山作用”是在莫桑比克洋闭合时,东、西冈瓦纳逐步聚合,并最终形成冈瓦纳大陆的过程,主要发生于600～550Ma之间。“加里东造山作用”则是原大西洋闭合时,劳伦大陆与异地地体及波罗的大陆聚合的过程,主要发生于500～400Ma之间。发生在中国秦-祁-昆造山带中的古生代早期造山作用与经典的加里东造山作用的含义相去甚远,“加里东造山作用”难以准确反映中国新元古代晚期至古生代早期多岛-弧-盆体系的构造格局和造山过程的特点及复杂性,建议使用“泛华夏造山作用”代替“加里东造山作用”一词,以示与经典加里东造山作用的区别。“泛华夏造山作用”发生的时间虽然与“加里东造山作用”相近,但它与原大西洋的闭合没有空间和成因上的联系,是发生在古亚洲洋与原特提斯洋之间多岛-弧-盆体系中的一次造山过程,并奠定了中国古大陆的雏形。

The 'Pan-African orogeny' is a process of gradual convergence of East and West Gondwana during the closing of the Mozambique Ocean and final formation of the supercontinent Gondwana. This process main occurred from 600 to 550 Ma, The 'Caledonian orogeny' is a process of convergence between Laurentia, exotic terranes and Baltica during the closing of the Proto-Atlantic Ocean, which mainly took place between 500 to 400 Ma. As the connotation of the Early Paleozoic orogeny preserved in the Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun orogenic belt of China is far from that of the classic Caledonian orogeny, the latter is difficult to reflect accurately the tectonic framework of the Late Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic archipelago-arc-basin system and the features and complexity of the 'Early Paleozoic orogeny' in China. So the author suggests that the 'Pan-Cathaysian orogeny' be used to replace the 'Caledonian orogeny' so as to show its difference from the classic 'Caledonian orogeny'. Although the 'Pan-Cathaysian orogeny' occurred in the period close to that when the 'Caledonian orogeny' occurred, it has no spatial and genetic relation to the closing of the Proto-Atlantic Ocean. It is an orogenic process occurring in the archipelago-arc-basin system between the Paleo-Asiatic Ocean and the Proto-Tethys and laid a foundation of the embryonic shape of the ancient continent of China.