变形岩石的显微构造与岩石圈流变学

Microstructures of deformed rocks and rheology of the lithosphere

岩石圈的流变学分析和岩石构造、显微构造证据揭示出大陆岩石圈具有显著的横向和纵向上的异向性,并具有明显的非板块表现。全面开展不同温度和压力条件下变形岩石的构造与显微构造分析,正确认识岩石圈不同层次上岩石的流变学规律、流动机理及其制约因素等,将成为后板块构造研究与新的岩石圈演化理论建立的基础和主要动力。岩石流动的宏观-微观尺度问题(岩石圈结构与流变性、边界弱化效应和岩石流变学与显微构造响应等)、岩石流动的时间问题(不同时间尺度岩石的流动性、实验室模拟与天然岩石流动的协调性、浅层岩石流动变形的有效定年等)、岩石流动的制约因素(内在的成分与结构、外在的物理与化学环境)将成为岩石圈流动与岩石变形显微构造研究的重要方面。现代化实验室建设和最新实验技术、手段的利用将成为解决上述科学问题的必要条件。

Rheological analysis of the lithosphere and structural-microstructural analysis of deformed rocks reveal that the continental lithosphere of the Earth shows obvious lateral and vertical anisotropy and has the marked non-plate behavior. The structural and microstructural analyses of rocks deformed at different temperatures and pressures and correct understanding of the rheological laws of the lithosphere, mechanisms of rock flow and their constraints at different crustal levels are the basis and major driving forces for scientific investigations of beyond-plate tectonics and proposing new theories for the evolution of the lithosphere. Rock flow problems on macro and micro scales (including the lithospheric structure and rheology, boundary weakening effects and rheological and microstructural responses to different tectonic settings), rock flow at different time scales from seconds to million years (including rock rheology, experimental modeling and harmony of natural rock flow and effective dating of rock flow deformation at the shallow crustal level) and constraints of rock flow (internal composition and structure and external physical and chemical environment will become important aspects of the analysis and study of the lithospheric flow and rock deformation microstructures). Construction of modern laboratories and applications of modern techniques are necessary conditions for solving the above-mentioned scientific problems.