植被建造技术取向

Directional selection of techniques applied to vegetation construction

为确保植被,尤其防蚀植被的建造达到预期目标,本文对植被建造技术措施的选择与应用进行了探讨。认为突出一般人工林的自然化特点,明确将其与集约经营的人工林区别开来。商品林并非一般意义上的森林,它属于作物栽培范畴也有一定的根据。分析表明"杂草"概念及其控制具有相对性。在一定情况下,可不必全面造林种草。植被带状种植在逐步退耕还林还草中具有特殊的意义。一般地,水土保持林内可以间种多年生牧草,但粮、根用药材、菜等间作形式需慎重处之。水土保持植物选择,应充分考虑植物本身的形态特征,对此本文给出了水土保持植物的定义。文中还从土壤扰动方面阐述了生态公益性植被的特征,由限量灌水讨论了有关提高造林成活率的技术问题。

In order to ensure construction of vegetation,which especially protects soil from erosion,to attain the expected aim,the paper deals with selective application of techniques.It is considered that highlighting the naturalization requirement of general plantation forests and definitely distinguishing them from intensively managed plantation forests would be necessary.Although plantations providing goods are usually regarded as forests equal to natural forests,especiallly primitive forests,they aren't absolutely real forests from biodiversity.So to speak,it is of certain reasons that plantations providing goods would fall into the category of crop cultivation.It is showed that the conception of weeds and control over them are of relativity.Under certain circumstances it isn't necessary to completely construct forest and/or grass vegetation.For example,vegetation construction in some bands that are separated by open spaces on a slope could occupy less ground and attain the fine goal of soil and water conservation.That is also of special significance in gradually returning grainplots to forest and grass.In general,perennial forage grasses might be intercropped in plantations for soil and water conservation,but in them intercropping crops,medicinal herbs for root,vegetables,and the like,should be treated prudently.Morphological characteristics of plants would be taken into full account for selection of plants for soil and water conservation.The definition of plants for soil and water conservation is put forward in this paper.Resulting from soil disturbance and limited irrigation respectively,characteristics of ecological vegetation for public utility and problems about techniques related to improvement of afforestation survival are also discussed.